Socialization | Child development

 Socialization

 Socialization focus on the developmental aspects of individual behaviour, which is directly involved with the interaction of the people or society. Socialization are strongly connected with the development of children.

"Socialization is the process of self analyzing of norms, morality and ideologies of the society."

Socialization develops the expectation and self sense of children towards their society.

"Socialization is refers to the developmental process through which individuals acquire the values, behaviour and motivation in society and community or culture." Socialization is the influential component in education. It helps to also develops in making moral decision, self-control, self motivation among others.

How children socialized?

                               Socialization is a learning process starts shortly after birth. Difference is that in period of childhood children get less socialized compare to the adolescence stage. that is why adolescence is considered as a crucial stage of children developments.

  Initially their mothers, family and female relatives are primarily responsible for socialization. because female makes more interaction with children compare to male and male relatives. 

     Socialization can be defined in a sentence is "adapting one's culture".

Socialization is the name of continuous development process in which children develops social characteristics to become being social.

According to Neumair,

                             "The process of developing an individual as a social personality is called socialization."

According to Fisher,

                               " Socialization is the process by which children or person adapting or accepting the social behaviour."

According to Fichter, 

                                 Socialization is a process of interaction between a person and his other peers, in which they accepting the social behaviour and learns accordingly.

According to Johnson, 

                                  "Socialization is a type of learning and teaching, which make qualified and able to work."

According to Prof. Green, 

                                 "Socialization is the process by which children acquires social and cultural content along with self hood and personality".

Stages of the Socialization Process:

                                                     Socialization process works different in different stage and Prof. Johnson tells that how children acquires and learn social characteristics through five stage of socialization process.

i.   Oral stage

ii.  Anal stage

iii. Oedipal stage

iv.  Latency stage

v.   Adolescence stage

i. Oral stage: (0-18 months of age)

                          It is the first stage of children life, during this stage developing in child main concerns are or with oral pleasure. all need of child are only physical and oral. through physical nee,  they can interact with weather around them and oral need is breastfeeding.

During this stage children does not feel separate from mother.

Parsons says that, children are in this stage as a toy of fun stuff for others member.

ii. Anal stage: (18 months - 4 years of age )

                     This stage starts after 18 months, this stage mainly focus on the maintain toilet training. Child realize that there is something that must do it by self.

child undergoes the toilet training and other skills acquired. children internalize two separate role one is own and other is mother's. 

In this stage if child not behaves good then mother gives punishment in the form of scold. but on good behaviour she kiss and love them. child is not get affected by only mother but also other member's behaviour.

iii. Oedipal stage: ( 4-12 years)

                                          In this stage child becomes as a member of the family and develop feelings of love and jealousy.

According to Sigmund Freid,

The feelings are mainly sexual, i.e. boys develops the feeling of jealousy towards father and love towards mother, while girls develops the feeling of jealousy towards mother and love towards father. 

iv. Latency stage: (6-12 years)

                                        It is a sub-stage of Oedipal stage. children learns social norms and values.  child learn to be independent in the daily routine at home.

This stage is called as "Gang's stage" by some sociologist, because Greater participation in group activities and group loyalties considered important.

v. Adolescence stage:

                                    This stage is a transition of childhood into adulthood. in this stage develops various number of Physical changes and psychological changes, which make to understand them gender difference and importance.

Importance of Socialization:

                                                         Socialization is an important part of personality formation in every individual.

It is true that genetics  is the reason behind the structure of human body, but by the socialization personality has to be molded in specific direction through the process of accepting and rejecting the social norms and beliefs.

Socialization is a dynamic environment in which different different personalities are living in the same society.

• Learns values, norms and behaviour

                                               e.g.  A child socialized that his father talk bad words against old lady,the child starts to think that this behaviour is socially acceptable,so he starts talking bad words against older people. 

• Person learns appropriate behaviour

                                                      e.g. A high school graduate chooses his career in engineering after participating in  technical webinars or technical seminars by understanding the value and career.

• In developing of social skills

                                                 e.g. A shy senior student starts to teach english to new fresh or junior in order to develop verbal communication. by which develop social skills of that senior student.  

• Re-socialization

                                 Re-socialization involves rejecting the previous patterns of behaviour to accepting new one. so that individual can upgrade their personalities to next level. It happens throughout the human life cycle.