Concept of Adolescence | Physical and Sexual development of Adolescent

 Adolescence                                            Click here for Concept of childhood    

    It is the "stage of transition age from childhood to adulthood".It is very difficult to say exactly when starts the adolescence. Because it is the continuous process of some Years. range of adolescence age is 10-19 years in India. but somewhere this range is from 11-18 years by various Psychologist.

During these stage rapidly physical and sexual growth developed. the period of adolescence is most closely associated with teenage years. 

                       During this stage various types of changes occurs in the children like development of biological or Physical, sexual,  emotions, Psychological, moral and religious, social, identity, cognitive, Intellectual etc.

History and realities of adolescent in India:

                                                         Adolescent need information and somebody who give answer of their questions, like authentic information provided in safe and friendly atmosphere.

But in India this is the history of misconception assumption of their parents that we can not talk with adolescent about sexual information, because of that almost every adolescent in India has to face uncomfortability, shame and adjusting problems with their family, society and culture.

But in modern India, the literacy rate increasing in both male and female which is making impact on adolescent. nowadays most of their parents are giving knowledge to own daughter and son about physical changes and sexual information.

this information make them friendly and confident with their family, society and culture.

    

Various stages of development with special emphasis on adolescence:

                               There are various stage of development which is given following-

Puberty or youth stage is a substage of adolescence, which covers 2 years of impulsive changes in physical and sexual.

Biological Development in adolescence:

                                                          Physical and Sexual changes in Puberty or youth is called Biological development.the first sign of puberty in girls is menstruation and in boys is nocturnal emission means ejection of semen during sleep.

The physical changes which take place during adolescence is -

i. A girls gains about 8-10 cm in height between 11-13 years, while a boys gains 20 cm in height in the age of 11-14 years.

ii. Developed in girls a rounded contour while in boys developed a lots of muscles to enabling them to heavy physical work.

iii. Girl's shoulder get slender while hips become broader and rounded, but Boy's develops broader and stronger shoulders while their hips remains slender.

iv.  Girl's develop hair growth in the armpits and pubic area, but boy's develops hair same as girl except on the body becomes darker and curly.

Facial hair appears in boys while not in girls.

v. In girls, the voice getting more sweet sharp and snappy like adult, but in boys voice frequency get breaks because of length of vocal cord increases.

vi. Girl's develops appearance of the breast bud, But boy's develops increased in the size of Penis.

vii. In girls first develops breast bud then after pairs of years menstruation cycle starts, but in boys first increases the size of penis then after pairs of years ejection of semen starts.

viii. Girl's first few menstrual cycle get irregular and sometime painful, but boy's first nocturnal emission or emission of semen occurs nearly one year after the penis starts to growing. this seminal fluid may not be contain sperms.

Note- 

        "Girls get their adultness, adult height, weight and ability to bear children two years earlier than boys."

Socio-Emotional Development of Adolescence:

                                                                Adolescence are emotionally moody as well as irritable, they cry and laugh easily. because they do not understand about all changes are taking place in their body.

Socially, they like to be with in group of same age, this group has its own culture, values, language, dress style and all other likes dislikes. this is the reason adolescent has many friends. anyone who can not make friends then they goes in to depression. 

Language Development:

                                      In the middle childhood child has vocabulary about 4000-5000 words. through the involvement in group, society, community and culture they learn to develop language, because there is freedom to speak independently, might be it right or wrong but the point is language is developed by the interaction. vygotsky says same that language development is the continuous process of social interactions.

Cognitive Development:

                                     Click here for piaget's cognitive development theory

Adolescent need sex education:

                                Adolescent at the end of the adolescence is sexually mature and should be prepare for marriage and family life. therefore the adolescent is need to be educate about them sexual development and needs to adjust these changes.

The parents and school environment can play a very important role in the acquisition of these attitudes and knowledge. this education also known as "Reproductive health education" or  "Adult education".

Majority of parents feel very awkward and do not know how to handle questions asked by adolescent about sex education. therefore parents can play the role of informed adults who can handle questions about sex.

              It is important that parents develop a friendly relationship with their child by which child or adolescent developments go forward. adolescent is the impulsive changes of cognitive and over all development.

The contemporary reality of adolescence in Bihar:

Adolescence marks the developmental transition from childhood to adulthood. current policy and strategy documents about to protection of adolescents implemented by state governments as well as by department or agency of Indian government like- Ministry of health welfare and society, Ministry of women and child development etc.

Role of Parents:

                        Parents who give more freedom to their adolescent, as they grows and at the same time they trying to take interest in some minor decisions for own then parents encourage adolescent's minor decision  then children become more independent and responsible.

                        Parents who are very stricts towards their adolescent's interest, activity and decisions, who does not let adolescent to take any decision on her or his own then the abilities, confidence and dependency increases of that adolescent.

                         Parents who are neutral and indifferent, who leave the adolescent with their problems and does not interact with them then that adolescent grow up with indifferent attitudes. 

Unwanted or Teenage Pregnancy- 

                                 Parents especially to mother should focus on the daughter's sexual knowledge. adult education should be given to daughter by mother about development of breast bud, menstruation cycle, about unwanted pregnancy. 

                                                       In india most of girls get unwanted pregnancy due to lack of sexual knowledge, as result to avoid these, girls seeking help from unqualified person like peer of groups who may use improper method to terminate pregnancy. so it should be the first responsibility of every mother to educate their daughter sexually.

Role of School and Teacher:

                                         School and teacher has a major role other than family in the development of adolescent.  which is responsible for teaching a number of social as well as academic skills to the adolescent. they also provides knowledge about biological developments indirectly including adult education which enables to adolescent to becomes as a mature and sensible personality.

"That is why it called that School and teacher keep important role in future of adolescent."

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